Percentage

(i) $\frac{3}{5}$

= $\Big( \frac{3}{5} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $(3 \times 20)$%

= 60%

Hence, the answer is 60%

(ii) $\frac{5}{16}$

= $\Big( \frac{5}{16} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{5 \times 25}{4} \Big)$%

= $\frac{125}{4}$%

= 31.25%

Hence, the answer is 31.25%

(iii) $\frac{19}{40}$

= $\Big( \frac{19}{40} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{19 \times 5}{2} \Big)$%

= $\frac{95}{2}$%

= 47.5%

Hence, the answer is 47.5%

(iv) $3\frac{1}{4}$

First, convert the mixed fraction to an improper fraction:

$3\frac{1}{4} = \frac{13}{4}$

We have:

$\frac{13}{4} = \Big( \frac{13}{4} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $(13 \times 25)$%

= 325%

Hence, the answer is 325%

(i) 0.45

First, convert decimal into fraction:

0.45 = $\frac{45}{100}$

We have:

$\frac{45}{100} = \Big( \frac{45}{100} \times 100 \Big)$% = 45%

Hence, the answer is 45%

(ii) 0.03

First, convert decimal into fraction:

0.03 = $\frac{3}{100}$

We have:

$\frac{3}{100} = \Big( \frac{3}{100} \times 100 \Big)$% = 3%

Hence, the answer is 3%

(iii) 0.1

First, convert decimal into fraction:

0.1 = $\frac{1}{10}$

We have:

$\frac{1}{10} = \Big( \frac{1}{10} \times 100 \Big)$% = $(1 \times 10)$% = 10%

Hence, the answer is 10%

(iv) 2.45

We have:

2.45 = $\frac{245}{100}$

First, convert decimal into fraction:

$\frac{245}{100} = \Big( \frac{245}{100} \times 100 \Big)$% = 245%

Hence, the answer is 245%

(i) 5 : 8

First, convert ratio into fraction:

5 : 8 = $\frac{5}{8}$

We have:

$\frac{5}{8} = \Big( \frac{5}{8} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{5 \times 25}{2} \Big)$%

= $\frac{125}{2}$%

= 62.5%

Hence, the answer is 62.5%

(ii) 11 : 18

First, convert ratio into fraction:

11 : 18 = $\frac{11}{18}$

We have:

$\frac{11}{18} = \Big( \frac{11}{18} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{11 \times 50}{9} \Big)$%

= $\frac{550}{9}$%

= $61\frac{1}{9}$%

Hence, the answer is $61\frac{1}{9}$%

(iii) 1 : 5

First, convert ratio into fraction:

1 : 5 = $\frac{1}{5}$

We have:

$\frac{1}{5} = \Big( \frac{1}{5} \times 100 \Big)$% = 20%

Hence, the answer is 20%

(iv) 5 : 4

First, convert ratio into fraction:

5 : 4 = $\frac{5}{4}$

We have:

$\frac{5}{4} = \Big( \frac{5}{4} \times 100 \Big)$% = (5 × 25)% = 125%

Hence, the answer is 125%

(i) 24%

To express a percentage as a fraction, divide the number by 100 and remove the % sign.

24% = $\frac{24}{100} = \frac{6}{25}$

Hence, the answer is $\frac{6}{25}$

(ii) $12\frac{1}{2}$%

First, convert the mixed fraction to an improper fraction:

$12\frac{1}{2} = \frac{25}{2}$

To express a percentage as a fraction, divide the number by 100 and remove the % sign.

$\frac{25}{2}$% = $\left( \frac{25}{2} \times \frac{1}{100} \right) = \frac{25}{200} = \frac{1}{8}$

Hence, the answer is $\frac{1}{8}$

(iii) $6\frac{2}{3}$%

First, convert the mixed fraction to an improper fraction:

$6\frac{2}{3} = \frac{20}{3}$

To express a percentage as a fraction, divide the number by 100 and remove the % sign.

$\frac{20}{3}$% = $\left( \frac{20}{3} \times \frac{1}{100} \right) = \frac{20}{300} = \frac{1}{15}$

Hence, the answer is $\frac{1}{15}$

(iv) 165%

To express a percentage as a fraction, divide the number by 100 and remove the % sign.

165% = $\frac{165}{100} = \frac{33}{20} = 1\frac{13}{20}$

Hence, the answer is $1\frac{13}{20}$

(i) 0.25%

To express a percentage with a decimal as a fraction, divide the number by 100 and remove the % sign.

0.25% = $\frac{0.25}{100}$

Multiply numerator and denominator by 100 to remove the decimal:

$$\begin{aligned}\frac{0.25}{100} = \frac{0.25 \times 100}{100 \times 100} \\[1em] = \frac{25}{10000} \\[1em] = \frac{1}{400}\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is $\frac{1}{400}$

(ii) 0.05%

To express a percentage with a decimal as a fraction, divide the number by 100 and remove the % sign.

0.05% = $\frac{0.05}{100}$

Multiply numerator and denominator by 100 to remove the decimal:

$$\begin{aligned}\frac{0.05}{100} = \frac{0.05 \times 100}{100 \times 100} \\[1em] = \frac{5}{10000} \\[1em] = \frac{1}{2000}\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is $\frac{1}{2000}$

(iii) 2.25%

To express a percentage with a decimal as a fraction, divide the number by 100 and remove the % sign.

2.25% = $\frac{2.25}{100}$

Multiply numerator and denominator by 100 to remove the decimal:

$$\begin{aligned}\frac{2.25}{100} = \frac{2.25 \times 100}{100 \times 100} \\[1em] = \frac{225}{10000} \\[1em] = \frac{9}{400}\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is $\frac{9}{400}$

(iv) 0.006%

To express a percentage with a decimal as a fraction, divide the number by 100 and remove the % sign.

0.006% = $\frac{0.006}{100}$

Multiply numerator and denominator by 1000 to remove the decimal:

$$\begin{aligned}\frac{0.006}{100} = \frac{0.006 \times 1000}{100 \times 1000} \\[1em] = \frac{6}{100000} \\[1em] = \frac{3}{50000}\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is $\frac{3}{50000}$

(i) 12%

To express a percentage as a ratio, we first write it as a fraction with a denominator of 100.

12% = $\frac{12}{100} = \frac{3}{25} = 3 : 25$

Hence, the answer is 3 : 25

(ii) $\frac{3}{5}$%

To express a percentage as a ratio, we first write it as a fraction with a denominator of 100.

$\frac{3}{5}$% = $\left( \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{1}{100} \right) = \frac{3}{500} = 3 : 500$

Hence, the answer is 3 : 500

(iii) 7.5%

To express a percentage as a ratio, we first write it as a fraction with a denominator of 100.

7.5% = $\frac{7.5}{100}$

Multiply numerator and denominator by 10 to remove the decimal:

$\frac{7.5}{100} =\frac{7.5 \times 10}{100 \times 10} = \frac{75}{1000} = \frac{3}{40} = 3 : 40$

Hence, the answer is 3 : 40

(iv) 0.36%

0.36% = $\frac{0.36}{100}$

Multiply numerator and denominator by 100 to remove the decimal:

$\frac{0.36}{100} = \frac{0.36 \times 100}{100 \times 100} = \frac{36}{10000} = \frac{9}{2500} = 9 : 2500$

Hence, the answer is 9 : 2500

(i) We have:

25% of ₹ 7

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \frac{25}{100} \times 7 \\[1em] = ₹ \frac{1}{4} \times 7 \\[1em] = ₹ \frac{7}{4} \\[1em] = ₹ 1.75\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is ₹ 1.75

(ii) We have:

$7\frac{1}{2}$% of ₹ 40

First, convert to an improper fraction:

$7\frac{1}{2}$% = $\frac{15}{2}$%.

$\frac{15}{2}$% of ₹ 40

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \left( 40 \times \frac{15}{2 \times 100} \right) \\[1em] = ₹ 40 \times \frac{15}{200} \\[1em] = ₹ 40 \times \frac{3}{40} \\[1em] = ₹ 3\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is ₹ 3

(iii) We have:

1% of ₹ 325

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \frac{1}{100} \times 325 \\[1em] = ₹ 3.25\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is ₹ 3.25

(iv) We have:

8% of 5 kg

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{8}{100} \times 5 \text{ kg} \\[1em] = \frac{40}{100} \text{ kg} \\[1em] = 0.4 \text{ kg} \\[1em] = 400 \text{ g}\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is 400 g

(v) We have:

$16\frac{2}{3}$% of 9 m

Convert to an improper fraction:

$16\frac{2}{3}$% = $\frac{50}{3}$%

$\frac{50}{3}$% of 9 m

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 9 \times \frac{50}{3 \times 100} \right) \text{ m} \\[1em] = 9 \times \frac{50}{300} \text{ m} \\[1em] = 9 \times \frac{1}{6} \text{ m} \\[1em] = \frac{9}{6} \text{ m} \\[1em] = 1.5 \text{ m}\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is 1.5 m

(vi) We have:

0.6% of 5 km

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{0.6}{100} \times 5 \text{ km} \\[1em] = \frac{0.6}{20} \text{ km} \\[1em] = \frac{0.6 \times 10}{20 \times 10} \text{ km} \\[1em] = \frac{6}{200} \text{ km} \\[1em] = 0.03 \text{ km} \\[1em] = 30 \text{ m}\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is 30 m

(vii) We have:

$6\frac{1}{4}$% of (1 hour 20 min.)

First, convert time to minutes:

1 hour = 60 min

∴ 1 hour 20 min = 60 min + 20 min = 80 min.

Convert mixed to an improper fraction:

$6\frac{1}{4}$% = $\frac{25}{4}$%

$\frac{25}{4}$% of 80 min

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 80 \times \frac{25}{4 \times 100} \right) \text{ min} \\[1em] = 80 \times \frac{25}{400} \text{ min} \\[1em] = 80 \times \frac{1}{16} \text{ min} \\[1em] = \frac{80}{16} \text{ min} \\[1em] = 5 \text{ min}\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the answer is 5 min

(i) 56 p as a per cent of ₹ 2.80

First quantity = 56 p

Convert rupee into paise:

1 rupee = 100 paise

∴ Second quantity = ₹ 2.80 = 2.80 x 100 p = 280 p

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{First Quantity}}{\text{Second Quantity}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{56}{280} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{1}{5} \times 100 \right)$%

= 20%

Hence, the answer is 20%.

(ii) 45 cm as a per cent of 3 m

First quantity = 45 cm

Convert meter into centimeter:

1 m = 100 cm

∴ Second quantity = 3 m = 3 x 100 cm = 300 cm

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{First Quantity}}{\text{Second Quantity}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{45}{300} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{45}{3}$%

= 15%

Hence, the answer is 15%

(iii) 630 g as a per cent of 3.5 kg

First quantity = 630 g

Convert kg into grams:

1 kg = 1000 g

∴ Second quantity = 3.5 kg = 3.5 x 1000 g = 3500 g

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{First Quantity}}{\text{Second Quantity}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{630}{3500} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{630}{35}$%

= 18%

Hence, the answer is 18%

(iv) 18 hours as a per cent of 2 days

First quantity = 18 hours

Convert days into hours:

1 day = 24 hours

∴ Second quantity = 2 days = 2 x 24 hours = 48 hours

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{First Quantity}}{\text{Second Quantity}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{18}{48} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{3}{8} \times 100 \right)$%

= 37.5%

Hence, the answer is 37.5%

(v) 2.8 mm as a per cent of 2.24 cm

First quantity = 2.8 mm

Convert cm into mm:

1 cm = 10 mm

∴ Second quantity = 2.24 cm = 2.24 x 10 mm = 22.4 mm

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{First Quantity}}{\text{Second Quantity}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{2.8}{22.4} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{1}{8} \times 100 \right)$%

= 12.5%

Hence, the answer is 12.5%

(i) What per cent of 1.5 m is 60 cm?

Convert m into cm:

1 m = 100 cm

∴ Total = 1.5 x 100 cm = 150 cm

Part = 60 cm

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{Part}}{\text{Total}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{60}{150} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{60}{30} \times 20 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{2}{1} \times 20 \right)$%

= 40%

Hence, the answer is 40%

(ii) What per cent of 2 kg is 125 g?

Convert kg into grams:

1 kg = 1000 g

∴ Total = 2 kg = 2 x 1000 g = 2000 g

Part = 125 g

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{Part}}{\text{Total}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{125}{2000} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{125}{20}$%

= $6\frac{1}{4}$%

Hence, the answer is $6\frac{1}{4}$%

(iii) What per cent of ₹ 6 is 40 p?

Convert rupee into paise:

₹ 1 = 100 paise

∴ Total = ₹ 6 = 6 x 100 p = 600 p

Part = 40 p

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{Part}}{\text{Total}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{40}{600} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{40}{6} \times 1 \right)$%

= $\frac{40}{6}$%

= $6\frac{2}{3}$%

Hence, the answer is $6\frac{2}{3}$%

(iv) What per cent of a day is 10 h?

Convert day into hours:

1 day = 24 hours

∴ Total = 24 hours

Part = 10 hours

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{Part}}{\text{Total}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{10}{24} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{125}{3}$%

= $41\frac{2}{3}$%

Hence, the answer is $41\frac{2}{3}$%

(v) What per cent of $7\frac{1}{3}$m is $5\frac{1}{2}$m?

First, convert mixed into improper fraction:

$7\frac{1}{3} \text{ m} = \frac{22}{3}\text{ m}$

$5\frac{1}{2} \text{ m} = \frac{11}{2}\text{ m}$

Total = $\frac{22}{3}\text{ m}$

Part = $\frac{11}{2}\text{ m}$

Percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{Part}}{\text{Total}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{\frac{11}{2}}{\frac{22}{3}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{11}{2} \times \frac{3}{22} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{3}{2} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{3}{4} \times 100 \right)$%

= 75%

Hence, the answer is 75%

Given:

16% of a number is 60

Let the required number be x.

16% of x = 60

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow x \times \frac{16}{100} = 60 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 60 \times \frac{100}{16} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 15 \times \frac{100}{4} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 15 \times 25 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 375\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the number is 375

Given:

$13\frac{1}{3}$% of a number is 90

Convert mixed fraction to improper:

$13\frac{1}{3}$% = $\frac{40}{3}$%.

Let the number be x.

$\frac{40}{3}$% of x = 90

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow x \times \frac{40}{3 \times 100} = 90 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x \times \frac{40}{300} = 90 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 90 \times \frac{300}{40} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 90 \times \frac{15}{2} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 45 \times 15 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 675\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the number is 675.

Given:

0.6% of a number is 15

Let the number be x.

0.6% of x = 15

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow x \times \frac{0.6}{100} = 15 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 15 \times \frac{100}{0.6} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 15 \times \frac{1000}{6} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{5000}{2} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 2500\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the number is 2500.

Given:

$\frac{3}{4}$% of a number is 9

Let the number be x.

$\frac{3}{4}$% of x = 9

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow x \times \frac{3}{4 \times 100} = 9 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x \times \frac{3}{400} = 9 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 9 \times \frac{400}{3} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 3 \times 400 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 1200 \\[1em]\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the number is 1200.

Given:

Boys = 42

Girls = 18

Total students = 42 + 18 = 60.

Percentage of boys =

$\left( \frac{\text{Number of boys}}{\text{Total students}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{42}{60} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{42}{3} \times 5 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{14}{1} \times 5 \right)$%

= 70%

Percentage of boys in the class = 70%

Given:

Won matches = 6

Lost matches = 9

Total matches played = 6 + 9 = 15.

Percentage of matches won =

$\left( \frac{\text{Number of won matches}}{\text{Total matches played}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{6}{15} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{2}{5} \times 100 \right)$%

= $2 \times 20$%

= 40%

Percentage of matches won = 40%

Given:

Total runs = 75

Boundaries = 3

Sixes = 8

Runs from boundaries = 3 x 4 = 12 runs.

Runs from sixes = 8 x 6 = 48 runs.

Total runs from hits = 12 + 48 = 60 runs.

Runs made by running = 75 - 60 = 15 runs.

Percentage of runs by running =

$\left( \frac{\text{Runs made by running}}{\text{Total runs}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{15}{75} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{1}{5} \times 100 \right)$%

= 20%

Percentage of runs by running = 20%

Given:

12% of a sum of money is ₹ 42

20% of the same sum = ?

First, find the sum:

Let the sum be x.

$$\begin{aligned}\phantom{=} x \times \frac{12}{100} = ₹ 42 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ 42 \times \frac{100}{12} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ 7 \times \frac{100}{2} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ \frac{700}{2} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ 350\end{aligned}$$

Now, find 20% of ₹ 350:

20% of ₹ 350 = $\frac{20}{100} \times ₹ 350$

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \frac{1}{5} \times 350 \\[1em] = ₹ 70\end{aligned}$$

20% of ₹ 350 = ₹ 70

Given:

$6\frac{1}{4}$% of a weight is 0.25 kg

45% of the weight = ?

Convert mixed to improper fraction:

$6\frac{1}{4}$% = $\frac{25}{4}$%

Let the total weight be x.

$$\begin{aligned}\phantom{=} x \times \frac{25}{4 \times 100} = 0.25 \text{ kg} \\[1em] x \times \frac{25}{400} = 0.25 \text{ kg} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 0.25 \times \frac{400}{25} \text{ kg} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 0.25 \times 16 \text{ kg} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 4 \text{ kg}\end{aligned}$$

Now, find 45% of 4 kg:

45% of 4 = $\frac{45}{100} \times 4$ kg

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{180}{100} \text{ kg} \\[1em] = \frac{9}{5} \text{ kg} \\[1em] = 1.8 \text{ kg}\end{aligned}$$

45% of 4 kg = 1.8 kg

Given:

Total pupils in class = 60

Percentage of pupils absent = 15%

Number of absent pupils = 15% of 60 = $\frac{15}{100} \times 60$ = 9

Number of present pupils = Total pupils - Absent pupils

Substituting the values in above, we get:

Number of present pupils = 60 - 9 = 51

51 pupils were present in the class on that day.

Given:

Monthly income = ₹ 30400

Percentage saved = 12.5%

Percentage spent = (100 - 12.5)% = 87.5%

Amount spent = 87.5% of ₹ 30400

= ₹ $\frac{87.5}{100} \times 30400$

= ₹ 87.5 x 304

= ₹ 26600

He spends ₹ 26600 each month.

Given:

Percentage of iron in ore = 15%

Required quantity of iron = 18 kg

Let the total weight of the ore be x kg.

Then,

15% of x = 18 kg

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow x \times \frac{15}{100} = 18 \text{ kg} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 18 \times \frac{100}{15} \text{ kg} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 6 \times \frac{100}{5} \text{ kg} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 6 \times \frac{20}{1} \text{ kg} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 6 \times 20 \text{ kg} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 120 \text{ kg}\end{aligned}$$

120 kg of ore will be required to get 18 kg of iron.

Given:

Selling price of plot = ₹ 130000

Commission on first ₹ 25000 = 2%

Commission on remainder = 1.5%

Commission on first part = 2% of ₹ 25000

= ₹ $\frac{2}{100} \times 25000$

= ₹ 500

Remainder amount = ₹ 130000 - ₹ 25000 = ₹ 105000

Commission on remainder = 1.5% of ₹ 105000

= ₹ $\frac{1.5}{100} \times 105000$

= ₹ 1575

Total Commission = ₹ 500 + ₹ 1575 = ₹ 2075

Charge for selling a plot of land for ₹ 130000 is ₹ 2075.

Given:

Maximum marks = 850

Rohit's percentage = 34%

Failing margin = 17 marks

Rohit's marks = 34% of 850

= $\frac{34}{100} \times 850$

= 289

(i) Passing marks = Rohit's marks + Failing margin

Substituting the values in above, we get:

Passing marks = 289 + 17 = 306

Passing marks = 306

(ii) Minimum passing percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{Passing marks}}{\text{Maximum marks}} \times 100 \right)$%

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{306}{850} \times 100 \\[1em] = \frac{3060}{85} \\[1em]\end{aligned}$$

= 36%

The minimum percentage for passing the examination = 36%

Given:

Test 1: Max 100, Scored 90%

Test 2: Max 150, Scored 60%

Test 3: Max 200, Scored 54%

Marks in Test 1 = 90% of 100

= $\frac{90}{100} \times 100$

= 90

Marks in Test 2 = 60% of 150

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{60}{100} \times 150 \\[1em] = \frac{60}{2} \times 3 \\[1em] = \frac{180}{2} \\[1em] = 90\end{aligned}$$

Marks in Test 3 = 54% of 200

$$\begin{aligned}\phantom{=} \frac{54}{100} \times 200 \\[1em] = \frac{54}{1} \times 2 \\[1em] = 108\end{aligned}$$

Total marks scored = Marks in Test 1 + Marks in Test 2 + Marks in Test 3

Total marks scored = 90 + 90 + 108 = 288

Total maximum marks = 100 + 150 + 200 = 450

Aggregate percentage =

$\frac{\text{Total marks scored}}{\text{Total maximum marks}} \times 100$%

= $\left( \frac{288}{450} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{2880}{45}$%

= 64%

Aggregate percentage = 64%

Given:

Ineligible applicants = 5%

General category (of eligible) = 85%

Other categories (of eligible) = 100% - 85% = 15%

Number of "Other category" candidates = 4275

Let the total applicants be x

Eligible candidates = 95% of x

= $\frac{95}{100} \times x$

= 0.95x

15% of these eligible candidates = 4275

$$\begin{aligned}\phantom{=} \frac{15}{100} \times 0.95x = 4275 \\[1em] 0.15 \times 0.95x = 4275 \\[1em] 0.1425x = 4275 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{4275}{0.1425} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 30000\end{aligned}$$

30000 candidates applied for the examination.

Given:

Nitre = 75%

Sulphur = 10%

Charcoal = Rest of the powder

Total quantity = 8 kg

Percentage of charcoal = 100% - (75% + 10%) = 15%

Quantity of charcoal = 15% of 8 kg

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{15}{100} \times 8 \text{ kg} \\[1em] = \frac{15}{25} \times 2 \text{ kg} \\[1em] = \frac{3}{5} \times 2 \text{ kg} \\[1em] = \frac{6}{5} \text{ kg} \\[1em] = 1.2 \text{ kg}\end{aligned}$$

8 kg of gun-powder contains 1.2 kg of charcoal.

Given:

Copper = 13 parts

Zinc = 7 parts

Nickel = 5 parts

Total parts = 13 + 7 + 5 = 25 parts.

Percentage of copper =

$\left( \frac{\text{Parts of copper}}{\text{Total parts}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{13}{25} \times 100$%

= $\frac{13}{1} \times 4$%

= $13 \times 4$%

= 52%

Percentage of copper in the alloy = 52%.

Given:

Total votes = 9650

Candidate A's share = 54%

Votes for A = 54% of 9650

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{54}{100} \times 9650 \\[1em] = \frac{27}{50} \times 9650 \\[1em] = \frac{27}{1} \times 193 \\[1em] = 5211 \text{ votes}\end{aligned}$$

Votes for B = Total votes - A's share

Votes for B = 9650 - 5211 = 4439 votes

Votes for A = 5211, Votes for B = 4439

Given:

Invalid votes = 68

Winner's share of valid votes = 52%

Winner's margin = 354 votes

Let valid votes be x.

Loser's share = 100% - 52% = 48%

Difference (Margin) = 52% - 48% = 4%

4% of x = 354

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{4}{100} \times x = 354 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{354 \times 100}{4} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{354 \times 25}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 354 \times 25 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 8850 \text{ (valid votes)}\end{aligned}$$

Total votes polled = Valid + Invalid

= 8850 + 68 = 8918 votes.

Total number of votes polled = 8918

Given:

Total Salary = ₹ 32000

Provident Fund Deduction = 10% of total Salary

Remaining Money = Total Salary - Provident Fund Deduction

House Rent = 20% of Remaining Money

Food = 46% of Remaining Money

Education = 14% of Remaining Money

Other Expenses = 10% of Remaining Money

(i) Monthly Credit to Provident Fund Account

Provident Fund = 10% of ₹ 32000

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{10}{100} \times ₹ 32000 \\[1em] = ₹ \frac{10}{1} \times 320 \\[1em] = ₹ 3200\end{aligned}$$

₹ 3200 is credited each month to her Provident Fund Account.

(ii) Amount spent on food:

Food = 46% of Remaining Money

Let us calculate Remaining Money:

Remaining Money = Total Salary - Provident Fund Deduction

Remaining Money = ₹ 32000 - ₹ 3200 = ₹ 28800

Food = 46% of Remaining Money

Food = 46% of ₹ 28800

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \frac{46}{100} \times 28800 \\[1em] = ₹ \frac{46}{1} \times 288 \\[1em] = ₹ 46 \times 288 \\[1em] = ₹ 13248\end{aligned}$$

Amount spent on food = ₹ 13248.

(iii) Amount paid as House Rent

House Rent = 20% of Remaining Money

House Rent = 20% of ₹ 28800

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \frac{20}{100} \times 28800 \\[1em] = ₹ \frac{20}{1} \times 288 \\[1em] = ₹ 20 \times 288 \\[1em] = ₹ 5760\end{aligned}$$

Amount paid as House Rent = ₹ 5760.

(iv) Amount spent on Education of children:

Education = 14% of Remaining Money

Education = 14% of ₹ 28800

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \frac{14}{100} \times 28800 \\[1em] = ₹ \frac{14}{1} \times 288 \\[1em] = ₹ 14 \times 288 \\[1em] = ₹ 4032\end{aligned}$$

Amount spent on Education of children = ₹ 4032.

(v) Monthly Savings:

First, let's find the total percentage spent from the remaining money:

Total Spent % = 20% + 46% + 14% + 10% = 90%

Savings % = 100% - 90% = 10%

Savings = 10% of 28800

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \frac{10}{100} \times 28800 \\[1em] = ₹ \frac{10}{1} \times 288 \\[1em] = ₹ 10 \times 288 \\[1em] = ₹ 2880\end{aligned}$$

Monthly Savings = ₹ 2880.

(i) 375 by 4%

Given:

Increase = 4% of 375

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 375 \times \frac{4}{100} \right) \\[1em] = \left( 15 \times \frac{4}{4} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 375 and 100 by 25]} \\[1em] = \left( 15 \times \frac{1}{1} \right) \\[1em] = 15\end{aligned}$$

Increased value = 375 + 15 = 390

∴ Increased value is 390

(ii) 500 by 3.4%

Increase = 3.4% of 500

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 500 \times \frac{3.4}{100} \right) \\[1em] = \left( 5 \times \frac{3.4}{1} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 500 and 100 by 100]} \\[1em] = 5 \times 3.4 \\[1em] = 17\end{aligned}$$

Increased value = 500 + 17 = 517

∴ Increased value is 517

(iii) 70 by 140%

Increase = 140% of 70

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 70 \times \frac{140}{100} \right) \\[1em] = \left( 7 \times \frac{140}{10} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 70 and 100 by 10]} \\[1em] = \left( 7 \times \frac{14}{1} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 140 and 10 by 10]} \\[1em] = 7 \times 14 \\[1em] = 98\end{aligned}$$

Increased value = 70 + 98 = 168

∴ Increased value is 168

(iv) 48 by $12\frac{1}{2}$%

First, convert to an improper fraction: $12\frac{1}{2}$% = $\frac{25}{2}$%.

Increase = $\frac{25}{2}$% $\text{ of } 48$

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 48 \times \frac{25}{2 \times 100} \right) \\[1em] = \left( 48 \times \frac{1}{2 \times 4} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 25 and 100 by 25]} \\[1em] = 48 \times \frac{1}{8} \\[1em] = 6 \times \frac{1}{1} \quad \text{[Dividing 48 and 8 by 8]} \\[1em] = 6\end{aligned}$$

Increased value = 48 + 6 = 54

∴ Increased value is 54

(v) 90 by 2%

Increase = 2% of 90

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 90 \times \frac{2}{100} \right) \\[1em] = \left( 9 \times \frac{2}{10} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 90 and 100 by 10]} \\[1em] = \frac{18}{10} \\[1em] = 1.8\end{aligned}$$

Increased value = 90 + 1.8 = 91.8

∴ Increased value is 91.8

(i) 70 by 40%

Decrease = 40% of 70

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 70 \times \frac{40}{100} \right) \\[1em] = \left( 7 \times \frac{40}{10} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 70 and 100 by 10]} \\[1em] = \left( 7 \times \frac{4}{1} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 40 and 10 by 10]} \\[1em] = 28\end{aligned}$$

Decreased value = 70 - 28 = 42

∴ Decreased value is 42

(ii) 340 by 35%

Decrease = 35% of 340

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 340 \times \frac{35}{100} \right) \\[1em] = \left( 34 \times \frac{35}{10} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 340 and 100 by 10]} \\[1em] = \left( 34 \times \frac{7}{2} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 35 and 10 by 5]} \\[1em] = \left( 17 \times \frac{7}{1} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 34 and 2 by 2]} \\[1em] = 17 \times 7 \\[1em] = 119\end{aligned}$$

Decreased value = 340 - 119 = 221

∴ Decreased value is 221

(iii) 65 by 4%

Decrease = 4% of 65

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 65 \times \frac{4}{100} \right) \\[1em] = \left( 13 \times \frac{4}{20} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 65 and 100 by 5]} \\[1em] = \left( 13 \times \frac{1}{5} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 4 and 20 by 5]} \\[1em] = \frac{13}{5} \\[1em] = 2.6\end{aligned}$$

Decreased value = 65 - 2.6 = 62.4

∴ Decreased value is 62.4

(iv) 36 by $16\frac{2}{3}$%

Convert to an improper fraction:

$16\frac{2}{3}$% = $\frac{50}{3}$%

Decrease = $\frac{50}{3}$% of 36

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 36 \times \frac{50}{3 \times 100} \right) \\[1em] = \left( 36 \times \frac{1}{3 \times 2} \right) \quad \text{[Dividing 50 and 100 by 50]} \\[1em] = 36 \times \frac{1}{6} \quad \text{[Dividing 36 and 6 by 6]} \\[1em] = 6\end{aligned}$$

Decreased value = 36 - 6 = 30

∴ Decreased value is 30

(v) 260 by 1.5%

Decrease = 1.5% of 260

$$\begin{aligned}= \left( 260 \times \frac{1.5}{100} \right) \\[1em] = 2.6 \times 1.5 \quad \text{[Dividing 260 and 100 by 100]} \\[1em] = 3.9\end{aligned}$$

Decreased value = 260 - 3.9 = 256.1

∴ Decreased value is 256.1

(i) Which when increased by 10% becomes 66.

Let the required number be x.

Increase = 10% of x

$$\begin{aligned}= x \times \frac{10}{100} \\[1em] =\frac{10}{100}x \\[1em] = \frac{x}{10}\end{aligned}$$

Increased number = $x + \frac{x}{10} = \frac{11}{10}x$

$$\begin{aligned}\therefore \frac{11}{10}x = 66 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{66 \times 10}{11} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{6 \times 10}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 60 \\[1em]\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the required number is 60

(ii) Which when increased by 120% becomes 77.

Let the required number be x.

Increase = 120% of x

$$\begin{aligned}= x \times \frac{120}{100} \\[1em] = \frac{6}{5}x \\[1em]\end{aligned}$$

Increased number = $x + \frac{6}{5}x = \frac{11}{5}x$

$$\begin{aligned}\therefore \frac{11}{5}x = 77 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{77 \times 5}{11} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{7 \times 5}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 35 \\[1em]\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the required number is 35

(iii) Which when increased by 2.5% becomes 246.

Let the required number be x.

Increase = 2.5% of x

$$\begin{aligned}= x \times \frac{2.5}{100} \\[1em] = x \times \frac{2.5 \times 10}{100 \times 10} \\[1em] = \frac{25}{1000}x\end{aligned}$$

Increased number = $x + \frac{25}{1000}x = \frac{1025}{1000}x$

$$\begin{aligned}\therefore \frac{1025}{1000}x = 246 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{246 \times 1000}{1025} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{246 \times 40}{41} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{6 \times 40}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 240 \\[1em]\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the required number is 240.

(i) Which when decreased by 35% becomes 52.

Let the required number be x.

Decrease = 35% of x

$$\begin{aligned}= x \times \frac{35}{100} \\[1em] = x \times \frac{7}{20} \\[1em] = \frac{7}{20}x\end{aligned}$$

Decreased number = $x - \frac{7}{20}x = \frac{13}{20}x$

$$\begin{aligned}\therefore \frac{13}{20}x = 52 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{52 \times 20}{13} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{4 \times 20}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 80\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the required number is 80.

(ii) Which when decreased by 8% becomes 115.

Let the required number be x.

Decrease = 8% of x

$$\begin{aligned}= x \times \frac{8}{100} \\[1em] = x \times \frac{2}{25} \\[1em] = \frac{2}{25}x\end{aligned}$$

Decreased number = $x - \frac{2}{25}x = \frac{23}{25}x$

$$\begin{aligned}\therefore \frac{23}{25}x = 115 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{115 \times 25}{23} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{5 \times 25}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 125\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the required number is 125.

(iii) Which when decreased by 3.4% becomes 483.

Let the required number be x.

Decrease = 3.4% of x

$$\begin{aligned}= x \times \frac{3.4}{100} \\[1em] = x \times \frac{3.4 \times 10}{100 \times 10} \\[1em] = x \times \frac{34}{1000} \\[1em] = \frac{17}{500}x\end{aligned}$$

Decreased number = $x - \frac{17}{500}x = \frac{483}{500}x$

$$\begin{aligned}\therefore \frac{483}{500}x = 483 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{483 \times 500}{483} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{1 \times 500}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 500\end{aligned}$$

Hence, the required number is 500.

Let the number be x.

Increase in its value = 12% of x

$$\begin{aligned}= x \times \frac{12}{100} \\[1em] = \frac{12}{100}x \\[1em] = \frac{3}{25}x\end{aligned}$$

∴ Increased value = $\Big(x + \frac{3}{25}x\Big) = \frac{28}{25}x$

Hence, for an increase of 12%, the given number should be multiplied by $\frac{28}{25}$.

Let the number be x.

Decrease in its value = 30% of x

$$\begin{aligned}= x \times \frac{30}{100} \\[1em] = \frac{3}{10}x\end{aligned}$$

∴ Decreased value = $\Big(x - \frac{3}{10}x\Big) = \frac{7}{10}x$

Hence, for an decrease of 30%, the given number should be multiplied by $\frac{7}{10}$.

Given:

Original Price = ₹ 3260

New Price = ₹ 3749.

Increase in price = New Price - Original Price

Substituting the values in above, we get:

Increase in price = ₹ 3749 - ₹ 3260 = ₹ 489

Increase % =

$\left( \frac{\text{Increase in price}}{\text{Original Price}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{489}{3260} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{489}{815} \times 25 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{489}{163} \times 5 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{3}{1} \times 5 \right)$%

= 15%

Hence, the increase percentage in its price = 15%.

Given:

Total Salary = ₹ 32500

Net Salary = ₹ 29900.

Provident fund deduction = Total Salary - Net Salary

Substituting the values in above, we get:

Provident fund deduction = ₹ 32500 - ₹ 29900 = ₹ 2600

Deduction % =

$\left( \frac{\text{Provident fund deduction}}{\text{Total Salary}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{2600}{32500} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{2600}{325} \times 1 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{104}{13} \right)$%

= 8%

Percentage of the salary deducted as provided fund = 8%

Given:

Original Value = ₹ 415000

Current Value = ₹ 356900

Depreciation amount = ₹ 415000 - ₹ 356900 = ₹ 58100

Depreciation rate =

$\left( \frac{\text{Depreciation amount}}{\text{Original Value}} \times 100 \right)$%

$\left( \frac{58100}{415000} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{58100}{4150} \times 1$%

= $\frac{5810}{415}$%

= 14%

Depreciation rate of the car is 14%.

Given:

New value = ₹ 249100

Decrease = 6%

Let original price be x.

Since the New value represents the amount left after the decrease, we can say:

94% of the Original Price = New value

94% of x = ₹ 249100

$$\begin{aligned}\frac{94}{100}x = ₹ 249100 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ \frac{249100 \times 100}{94} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ \frac{2650 \times 100}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ 265000\end{aligned}$$

The original price of the car is ₹ 265000

Given:

Increase % = 12%

Increase Amount = ₹ 2316

Let original salary be x.

12% of x = 2316

$$\begin{aligned}\frac{12}{100}x = ₹ 2316 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ \frac{2316 \times 100}{12} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ \frac{193 \times 100}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ 19300\end{aligned}$$

The original salary is ₹ 19300.

Given:

Increase of salary = 10%

Decrease of salary = 10%

Let original salary be 100.

After 10% increase: 100 + 10 = 110.

After 10% decrease on 110:

110 - (10% of 110)

$$\begin{aligned}= 110 - \Big(\frac{10}{100} \times 110\Big) \\[1em] = 110 - \Big(\frac{1}{10} \times 110\Big) \\[1em] = 110 - \Big(\frac{1}{1} \times 11\Big) \\[1em] = 110 - 11 \\[1em] = 99 \\[1em]\end{aligned}$$

Net change = 100 - 99 = 1

Net decrease = 1%.

Given:

Amount still to be paid = ₹ 1488

Percentage of deduction = 4%

The original bill represents the full amount, which is 100%.

The "Amount still to be paid" is what remains after the 4% has been taken away from the 100%.

Remaining Percentage = 100% - 4% = 96%

Let the original bill be x.

Since ₹ 1488 is the amount left after the 4% deduction, it is equal to 96% of the original bill.

96% of x = ₹ 1488

$$\begin{aligned}\phantom{=} \frac{96}{100}x = ₹ 1488 \\[1em] x = ₹ \frac{1488 \times 100}{96} \\[1em] x = ₹ \frac{1488 \times 25}{24} \\[1em] x = ₹ \frac{62 \times 25}{1} \\[1em] x = ₹ 1550\end{aligned}$$

The original bill is ₹ 1550.

Given:

Actual weight = 40 kg

Measured weight = 42 kg.

Error = 42 - 40 = 2 kg

$\text {Error}$% = $\left( \frac{\text{Error}}{\text{Actual Value}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{2}{40} \times 100$%

= $\frac{1}{20} \times 100$%

= $\frac{1}{1} \times 5$%

= 5%

Error percentage = 5%.

Given:

Fraction = $\frac{2}{5}$

To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply by 100.

Percentage = $\left( \frac{2}{5} \times 100 \right)$% = $(2 \times 20)$% = 40%

Hence, option 2 is the correct option.

Given:

Ratio = 1 : 4

And

1 : 4 = $\frac{1}{4}$

Percentage = $\left( \frac{1}{4} \times 100 \right)$% = 25%

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.

Given:

Percentage = $2\frac{1}{7}$%

$2\frac{1}{7}$% = $\frac{15}{7}$%.

To convert to a fraction, divide by 100:

$\frac{15}{7} \times \frac{1}{100} = \frac{15}{700} = \frac{3}{140}$

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.

Given:

x% of 80 = 16

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow \frac{x}{100} \times 80 = 16 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{16 \times 100}{80} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{16 \times 5}{4} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 4 \times 5 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 20\end{aligned}$$

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.

Given:

Part = 27 minutes

Total = 1 day = 24 hours

Convert day to minutes: 24 x 60 = 1440 minutes.

$\text {Percentage} = \left( \frac {\text{Part}}{\text{Total}} \times 100 \right)$%

$\left( \frac{27}{1440} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{2700}{1440}$%

= $\frac{270}{144}$%

= $\frac{15}{8}$% $\quad$ [Dividing 270 and 144 by 18]

= $1\frac{7}{8}$%

Hence, option 1 is the correct option.

Decreased by 15% becomes 68.

Let the number be x.

The new number is what remains after 15% has been taken away from 100%.

85% of x = 68

$$\begin{aligned}\frac{85}{100}x = 68 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{68 \times 100}{85} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{4 \times 100}{5} \quad \text{[Dividing 68 and 85 by 17]} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{4 \times 20}{1} \quad \text{[Dividing 100 and 5 by 5]} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 80\end{aligned}$$

Hence, option 2 is the correct option.

Given:

Increased by 25% becomes 45.

Let the number be x.

The new number is the total after adding 25% to 100%.

125% of x = 45

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow \frac{125}{100}x = 45 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{45 \times 100}{125} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{45 \times 4}{5} \quad \text{[Dividing 100 and 125 by 25]} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{9 \times 4}{1} \quad \text{[Dividing 45 and 5 by 5]} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 36\end{aligned}$$

Hence, option 4 is the correct option.

Given:

Salary becomes ₹ 51750 after 15% increase.

Let original salary be x.

115% of x = ₹ 51750

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow \frac{115}{100}x = ₹ 51750 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ \frac{51750 \times 100}{115} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ \frac{51750 \times 20}{23} \quad \text{[Dividing 100 and 115 by 5]} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ \frac{2250 \times 20}{1} \quad \text{[Dividing 51750 and 23 by 23]} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ 45000\end{aligned}$$

Hence, option 1 is the correct option.

Given:

Passed = 95%

Failures = 36

Failure percentage = 100% - 95% = 5%.

Let total examinees be x.

5% of x = 36

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow\frac{5}{100}x = 36 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{36 \times 100}{5} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{36 \times 20}{1} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 720\end{aligned}$$

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.

Given:

Present value = ₹ 51000

Depreciation = 15%

Let the value one year ago be x.

Depreciation means the value is taken away from 100%: 100% - 15% = 85%

85% of x = 51000

$$\begin{aligned}\Rightarrow \frac{85}{100}x = ₹ 51000 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{51000 \times 100}{85} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 600 \times 100 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = ₹ 60000\end{aligned}$$

Hence, option 4 is the correct option.

(i) Add 15% of 60 to 40. 49

(ii) A student scored 32 marks out of 40 in Maths. Express this as a per cent.80%

(iii) If 40% of the length of a cloth is 120 cm, what is the whole length of the cloth? 300 cm

(iv) What per cent of 2.8 kg is 980 g? 35%

(v) Express 0.74 as a per cent. 74%

Explanation

(i) Given:

Original number = 40

Percentage to add = 15% of 60

Calculate 15% of 60:

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{15}{100} \times 60 \\[1em] = \frac{15}{5} \times 3 \\[1em] = \frac{3}{1} \times 3 \\[1em] = 9\end{aligned}$$

Add this to 40:

40 + 9 = 49

(ii) Given:

Scored = 32

Total = 40

$\text {Percentage}= \left( \frac{\text{Scored}}{\text{Total}} \times 100 \right)$%

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{32}{40} \times 100 \\[1em] = \frac{4}{5} \times 100 \\[1em] = \frac{4}{1} \times 20 \\[1em]\end{aligned}$$

= 80%

(iii) Given:

40% of length = 120 cm.

Let the whole length be x.

$$\begin{aligned}\frac{40}{100} \times x = 120 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = \frac{120 \times 100}{40} \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 3 \times 100 \\[1em] \Rightarrow x = 300 \text{ cm}\end{aligned}$$

(iv) Given:

Part = 980 g

Total = 2.8 kg

Convert total to grams:

1 kg = 1000 grams

2.8 kg = 2.8 x 1000 g = 2800g

$\text {Percentage} = \left( \frac {\text{Part}}{\text{Total}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{980}{2800} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{980}{28}$%

= 35%

(v) Given:

Decimal = 0.74

To convert a decimal to a percentage, multiply by 100.

0.74 x 100 = 74%

(i) False
Reason — To express a fraction as a percentage, we multiply by 100.

$\frac{1}{4} \times 100 = 25$%.

0.25 is the decimal form, but as a percentage, it is 25% not 0.25%.

(ii) True
Reason — The ratio 1 : 5 is written as the fraction $\frac{1}{5}$.

Percentage = $\Big( \frac{1}{5} \times 100 \Big)$% = 20%.

(iii) False
Reason —

100% of 1 = $\frac{100}{100} \times 1 = 1$

1% of 100 = $\frac{1}{100} \times 100 = 1$

Neither calculation results in 100. So the statement is false.

(iv) False
Reason — 16% of ₹ 25

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \Big(\frac{16}{100} \times 25\Big) \\[1em] = ₹ \frac{16}{4} \\[1em] = ₹ 4\end{aligned}$$

The value ₹ 10 is incorrect. So the statement is false.

(v) False
Reason — We must compare the percentages:

Percentage = $\Big(\frac {\text{Scored Marks}}{\text{Total Marks}} \times 100\Big)$%

Percentage of first score

= $\Big(\frac{18}{30} \times 100\Big)$%

= $\Big(\frac{18}{3} \times 10\Big)$%

= $\Big(\frac{6}{1} \times 10\Big)$%

= 60%

Percentage of second score

= $\Big(\frac{50}{80} \times 100\Big)$%

= $\Big(\frac{50}{4} \times 5\Big)$%

= $\Big(\frac{25}{2} \times 5\Big)$%

= $\frac{125}{2}$%

= 62.5%

Since 60% < 62.5%, the statement that the first is "more" is false.

Given:

Salt A = 150 gm

Salt B = 300 gm

Salt C = 300 gm

Total weight of Mixture X = 150 + 300 + 300 = 750 gm

(1)
$\text {Percentage} = \Big( \frac{\text{Salt A}}{\text{Total weight of Mixture X}} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{150}{750} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{1}{5} \times 100 \Big)$%

= 20%

Hence, option 2 is the correct option.

(2)

Difference = Salt C - Salt A

Substituting the values in above, we get:

Difference = 300 - 150 = 150 gm

$\text {Percentage} = \Big( \frac{\text{Difference}}{\text{Value of A}} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{150}{150} \times 100 \Big)$%

= 100%

Hence, option 2 is the correct option.

(3)

Original B = 300 gm

Amount added = 250 gm

$\text {Increase}$% = $\Big( \frac{\text{Added amount}}{\text{Original B}} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{250}{300} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\frac{250}{3}$%

= $83\frac{1}{3}$%

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.

(4)

New total weight (Mixture Y) = 750 + 250 = 1000 gm

Weight of Salt A remains 150 gm

$\text {Percentage} = \Big( \frac{\text{Salt A}}{\text{Total Weight (Mixture Y)}} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{150}{1000} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{150}{10} \times 1 \Big)$%

= 15%

Hence, option 1 is the correct option.

Given:

₹ 1 coins: 25 (Value = 1 x ₹ 25 = ₹ 25)

₹ 2 coins: 20 (Value = 2 x ₹ 20 = ₹ 40)

₹ 5 coins: 15 (Value = 5 x ₹ 15 = ₹ 75)

Total number of coins = 25 + 20 + 15 = 60 coins

Total value of coins = 25 + 40 + 75 = ₹ 140

(1)
$\text {Percentage} = \Big( \frac{\text{Number of 5 rupee coins}}{\text{Total number of coins}} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{15}{60} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{1}{4} \times 100 \Big)$%

= 25%

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.

(2)
$\text {Percentage} = \Big( \frac{\text{Value of 2 rupee coins}}{\text{Total value of coins}} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{40}{140} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{2}{7} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{200}{7} \Big)$%

= $28\frac{4}{7}$%

Hence, option 4 is the correct option.

(3)

Difference in number = Number of ₹ 2 coins - Number of ₹ 5 coins

Substituting the values in above, we get:

Difference = 20 - 15 = 5

Percentage =

$\Big( \frac{\text{Difference in number}}{\text{Number of ₹ 2 coins}} \times 100 \Big)$%

$\Big( \frac{5}{20} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{1}{4} \times 100 \Big)$%

= 25%

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.

(4)

Difference in value = Value of ₹ 5 coins - Value of ₹ 2 coins

Substituting the values in above, we get:

Difference in value = ₹ 75 - ₹ 40 = ₹ 35

Percentage =

$\Big( \frac{\text{Difference in value}}{\text{Value of ₹ 2 coins}} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{35}{40} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{7}{8} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{7}{2} \times 25 \Big)$%

= $\Big( \frac{175}{2} \Big)$%

= 87.5%

= $87\frac{1}{2}$%

Hence, option 4 is the correct option.

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Explanation

Assertion:

1% of 100 = $\frac{1}{100} \times 100 = 1$

100% of 1 = $\frac{100}{100} \times 1 = 1$

Both are true. So, Assertion is true.

Reason:

x% = $\frac{x}{100}$ and x% of y = $\frac{xy}{100}$.

This is the correct formula and directly explains the assertion.

Hence, option 1 is the correct option.

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Explanation

Assertion:

Total distance = 60 km + 240 km = 300 km.

Car% = $\Big( \frac{\text{Distance travelled by car}}{\text{Total distance}} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big(\frac{60}{300} \times 100\Big)$%

= $\Big(\frac{60}{3} \times 1\Big)$%

= 20%

Train% = $\Big( \frac{\text{Distance travelled by train}}{\text{Total distance}} \times 100 \Big)$%

= $\Big(\frac{240}{300} \times 100\Big)$%

= $\Big(\frac{240}{3} \times 1\Big)$%

= 80%

Both percentages match. So, Assertion is True.

This formula in Reason is correct for calculating percentage change (increase or decrease). Reason is True.

To prove the Assertion, we didn't use the formula for "Per cent change." We used the formula for "Part as a percentage of a whole." The Reason is a true statement, but it does not explain how we got the 20% and 80%.

Hence, option 2 is the correct option.

Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Explanation

Assertion:

Multiplying a number by $\frac{2}{5}$ is the same as multiplying by 0.4 (which is 40%).

If you multiply a number by 0.4, you are making it smaller (40% of its original size). To increase a number, the multiplier must be greater than 1.

An increase of 20% would mean multiplying by 1.20 or $\frac{6}{5}$.

Therefore, the statement is false. Assertion is False.

Reason:

Increase or decrease value is always calculated on the original value.

This is a fundamental rule of percentage applications. Reason is True.

Hence, option 4 is the correct option.

Given:

Dinesh's share = 3 parts

Prakash's share = 4 parts

Kamal's share = 3 parts

Total parts = 3 + 4 + 3 = 10 parts

Dinesh's percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{Dinesh's parts}}{\text{Total parts}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{3}{10} \times 100 \right)$%

= $(3 \times 10)$%

= 30%

Prakash's percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{Prakash's parts}}{\text{Total parts}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{4}{10} \times 100 \right)$%

= $(4 \times 10)$%

= 40%

Kamal's percentage =

$\left( \frac{\text{Kamal's parts}}{\text{Total parts}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{3}{10} \times 100 \right)$%

= $(3 \times 10)$%

= 30%

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.

Given:

Games won last year = 4

Games won this year = 6

Increase in games won = This year - Last year

Substituting the values above, we get:

Increase in games won = 6 - 4 = 2

Increase % =

$\left( \frac{\text{Increase in games won}}{\text{Games won last year}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{2}{4} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{1}{2} \times 100 \right)$%

= 50%

Hence, option 4 is the correct option.

Given:

55% of 1000 : 60% of 2000 = k : 2k + 2

First, calculate 55% of 1000:

55% of 1000 = $\frac{55}{100} \times 1000$

$$\begin{aligned}= 55 \times 10 \\[1em] = 550\end{aligned}$$

Next, calculate 60% of 2000:

60% of 2000 = $\frac{60}{100} \times 2000$

$$\begin{aligned}= 60 \times 20 \\[1em] = 1200\end{aligned}$$

So, the equation becomes:

550 : 1200 = k : (2k + 2)

Writing the ratios as fractions:

$\frac{550}{1200} = \frac{k}{2k + 2}$

By cross multiplying, we get:

$$\begin{aligned}550 \times (2k + 2) = 1200 \times k \\[1em] \Rightarrow 1100k + 1100 = 1200k \\[1em] \Rightarrow 1200k - 1100k = 1100 \\[1em] \Rightarrow 100k = 1100 \\[1em] \Rightarrow k = \frac{1100}{100} \\[1em] \Rightarrow k = 11\end{aligned}$$

Hence, option 4 is the correct option.

Given:

Original marks = 40

New marks = 30

Decrease in marks = Original marks - New marks

Substituting the values above, we get:

Decrease in marks = 40 - 30 = 10

Decrease % =

$\left( \frac{\text{Decrease in marks}}{\text{Original marks}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{10}{40} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{1}{4} \times 100 \right)$%

= 25%

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.

To find which option is greater than 16.3%, we convert each option into a percentage and compare.

(1) 163 out of 1000

= $\left( \frac{163}{1000} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\frac{163}{10}$%

= 16.3%

This is equal to 16.3%, not greater.

(2) 113 out of 250

= $\left( \frac{113}{250} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{113}{25} \times 10 \right)$%

= $\frac{1130}{25}$%

= 45.2%

This is greater than 16.3%.

(3) 8 out of 50

= $\left( \frac{8}{50} \times 100 \right)$%

= $(8 \times 2)$%

= 16%

This is less than 16.3%.

(4) 39 out of 750

= $\left( \frac{39}{750} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{39}{75} \times 10 \right)$%

= $\frac{390}{75}$%

= 5.2%

This is less than 16.3%.

Hence, option 2 is the correct option.

From the figure, we observe:

Total number of squares = 36

Number of fully shaded squares = 12

Number of half shaded squares = 12

Half-shaded squares combine to make 6 full squares

Total number of shaded squares = 12 + 6 = 18

Percentage of shaded part =

$\left( \frac{\text{Number of shaded squares}}{\text{Total number of squares}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{18}{36} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left(\frac{1}{2} \times 100\right)$%

= 50%

Hence, option 1 is the correct option.

Given:

Total amount = ₹ 50

Mahima's share = 60%

Meenu's share % = 100% - 60% = 40%

Meenu's amount =

40% of ₹ 50

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \left( \frac{40}{100} \times 50 \right) \\[1em] = ₹ \left( \frac{40}{2} \times 1 \right) \\[1em] = ₹ 20\end{aligned}$$

Hence, option 2 is the correct option.

First, calculate 80% of 40:

80% of 40 = $\frac{80}{100} \times 40$

$$\begin{aligned}= \frac{80}{10} \times 4 \\[1em] = 8 \times 4 \\[1em] = 32\end{aligned}$$

Next, calculate $\frac{4}{5}$ of 25:

$$\begin{aligned}\frac{4}{5} \text{ of } 25 = \frac{4}{5} \times 25 \\[1em] = 4 \times 5 \\[1em] = 20\end{aligned}$$

Difference = 80% of 40 - $\frac{4}{5}$ of 25

Substituting the values above, we get:

Difference = 32 - 20 = 12

Hence, option 2 is the correct option.

Given:

Father's salary = ₹ 40,000

Mother's salary = ₹ 24,000

Father spends = 50% of his salary

Mother spends = 40% of her salary

Total monthly income = ₹ 40,000 + ₹ 24,000 = ₹ 64,000

Father's spending =

50% of ₹ 40,000

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \left( \frac{50}{100} \times 40000 \right) \\[1em] = ₹ \left( \frac{1}{2} \times 40000 \right) \\[1em] = ₹ 20,000\end{aligned}$$

Mother's spending =

40% of ₹ 24,000

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \left( \frac{40}{100} \times 24000 \right) \\[1em] = ₹ \left( \frac{2}{5} \times 24000 \right) \\[1em] = ₹ (2 \times 4800) \\[1em] = ₹ 9,600\end{aligned}$$

Total spending = ₹ 20,000 + ₹ 9,600 = ₹ 29,600

Total spending % =

$\left( \frac{\text{Total spending}}{\text{Total income}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{29600}{64000} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{29600}{640} \right)$%

= $\frac{2960}{64}$%

= 46.25%

Checking statement (i):

Both parents together spend 46.25% of their total monthly income, not 90%. Percentages of different amounts cannot be simply added together because they are calculated on different bases (40000 and 24000).

So, statement (i) is wrong.

Total savings = Total income - Total spending

Total savings = ₹ 64,000 - ₹ 29,600 = ₹ 34,400

Percentage of total income saved =

$\left( \frac{\text{Total savings}}{\text{Total income}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{34400}{64000} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{34400}{640} \right)$%

= $\frac{3440}{64}$%

= 53.75%

Checking statement (ii):

Both parents together save 53.75%, which is more than 50% of their total income.

So, statement (ii) is wrong.

Hence, option 4 is the correct option.

Given:

Original salary = ₹ 1,00,000

Food expenditure = 20% of salary

Salary reduction = 20%

Food expenditure =

20% of ₹ 1,00,000

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \left( \frac{20}{100} \times 100000 \right) \\[1em] = ₹ (20 \times 1000) \\[1em] = ₹ 20,000\end{aligned}$$

Salary reduction amount =

20% of ₹ 1,00,000

$$\begin{aligned}= ₹ \left( \frac{20}{100} \times 100000 \right) \\[1em] = ₹ (20 \times 1000) \\[1em] = ₹ 20,000\end{aligned}$$

New salary = Original salary - Salary reduction

New salary = ₹ 1,00,000 - ₹ 20,000 = ₹ 80,000

Checking statement (ii):

His reduced salary is ₹ 80,000.

So, statement (ii) is correct.

Food expenditure remains the same at ₹ 20,000.

Percentage of new salary spent on food =

$\left( \frac{\text{Food expenditure}}{\text{New salary}} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{20000}{80000} \times 100 \right)$%

= $\left( \frac{1}{4} \times 100 \right)$%

= 25%

Checking statement (i):

He spends 25% of his new salary on food after the pandemic.

So, statement (i) is correct.

Hence, option 3 is the correct option.