Health Organisations

WHO was established in 1948

1. WHO
2. UNICEF

Communicable

Reason — NICD stands for National Institute Of Communicable Diseases.

Geneva

Reason — Headquarters of WHO are located in Geneva, Switzerland.

May 8

Reason — Red Cross Day is celebrated on May 8 to honour the birthday of Henry Dunant. He founded the International Committee of the Red Cross.

Delhi

Reason — WHO has 6 regional offices in the world, one of which is at Delhi.

Diabetes

Reason — Diabetes is a metabolic disorder.
Diarrhoea is a water-borne disease caused by contaminated food or water. Typhoid is also a water-borne disease, caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria spread through contaminated water and food. Gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestines, commonly spread through contaminated water or food, making it water-borne.

(a) Five main types of habitations in India :

1. Big cities
2. Small towns
3. Villages
4. Remote Areas
5. Slum-dwellings

(b) Two major categories of health problems in India :

1. Food and water-borne diseases
2. Insect and air-borne diseases

(c) Four water-borne diseases of humans :

1. Diarrhoea
2. Gastroentritis
3. Typhoid
4. Dysentery

(d) Four insect-borne diseases of humans :

1. Malaria
2. Dengue
3. Cholera
4. Elephantiasis

(e) Two important International bodies concerned with people's health :

1. WHO
2. Red Cross

1. WHO — World Health Organization
2. UNO — United Nations Organization
3. NICD — National Institute Of Communicable Diseases

Health problems in India:

1. Food and water borne diseases — Contaminated food and water cause several diseases. Water-borne diseases occur due to contaminated water from hand pumps or mixing of untreated sewage with river water.

2. Insects and air-borne diseases — Lack of general cleanliness leads to breeding of houseflies and mosquitoes which are carriers of certain diseases.

3. Lack of medical facilities — Lack of medical facilities especially in rural areas leads to unavoidable deaths and damage to health.

The main functions of the Red Cross are:

1. To extend relief and help to the victims of any calamity — fire, flood, famine, earthquakes etc.
2. To procure and supply blood for the victims of war and other calamities.
3. To extend all possible first-aid in any accident.
4. To educate people in accident prevention.
5. To arrange for ambulance service in all emergencies.
6. To look after maternal and child welfare centres.

The main functions of World Health Organization are:

1. To collect and supply information about occurrence of epidemic diseases. Example — Cholera, typhoid etc.
2. To promote and support projects for research on diseases.
3. To supply information on latest developments about the use of vaccines and about health hazards of nuclear radiation.
4. To suggest quarantine measures to avert spreading of diseases.
5. To lay pharmaceutical standards for important drugs.
6. Organization of campaigns to control epidemic and endemic diseases.

1. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations Organization (UNO) which is concerned with international public health.
2. It was established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, and is a member of the United Nations Development Group.
3. Member countries of the UNO focused on the need for creating an international body to look after the health problems of people of the world.
4. This need of having an organization was felt in fields of research on the causes and cures of diseases.
5. Combined efforts in this direction were to give better and faster results.
6. Poor and developing countries were to benefit quickly.

Both A and R are true and is the correct explanation of A.

Reason — A is true as untreated sewage and industrial effluents contain harmful chemicals, pathogens, and waste that can contaminate water, harming ecosystems and human health, especially for people who rely on the river for water bathing, or agriculture.
R is true as sewage provides nutrients and a breeding environment for harmful bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and insects like mosquitoes. These microbes and vectors can cause diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and malaria.

Therefore, Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A is the correct option.

A is True and R is False.

Reason — A is True as the Red Cross society operates both internationally and nationally. It provides humanitarian aid during disasters like floods, fires, and famines.
R is False as the emblem of the Red Cross society is a red cross on a white background.

Therefore, A is True and R is False is the correct option.

A is false but R is true.

Reason — A is false as the Red Cross society was founded in 1863, while the World Health Organization (WHO) was established on 7 April 1948. the Red Cross is older than WHO.
R is true as WHO was established in 1948 and red cross society in 1864.

Therefore, A is false but R is true is the correct option.

(a) Red Cross is older. It was founded in 1864.

(b) The emblem is a red cross on a white background. It symbolizes neutrality, protection, and medical aid during wars and disasters.
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(c) Two other functions of Red cross are:

1. To promote and support projects for research on diseases such as cancer.

2. To suggest quarantine measures to prevent spread of disease to others.

(d) The regional office of WHO in India is in New Delhi.

(e) Two main functions of WHO are:

1. To collect and supply information about the occurrence of diseases of epidemic nature.

2. To organise campaigns for the control of epidemic and endemic diseases.