Python Programming

2000
1500

• The dictionary maintenance stores key–value pairs.
• maintenance["car"] accesses the value associated with the key "car", which is 2000.
• maintenance["Filter"] accesses the value associated with the key "Filter", which is 1500.
• Hence, the output is:

2000
1500

True

Reason — Python is widely used in data analysis because it provides powerful libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, and SciPy, which offer facilities for data manipulation, numerical computing, and statistical analysis.

True

Reason — Python is considered to be the most appropriate language for beginners due to its simple and clearly defined syntax, and it has a huge standard library with ready-to-use modules.

True

Reason — Object-oriented programming works on the concept of objects, which can contain data and functions and help in the reusability of code.

False

Reason — Python provides modules such as Pygame and Panda3D that allow developers to create 2D and 3D games.

False

Reason — In Python, indentation is used to define blocks of code, and statements with the same indentation belong to the same block. Starting a statement from anywhere may result in a syntax or logical error.

False

Reason — A tuple is an immutable data type, which means the elements of a tuple cannot be changed or updated after it is created.

False

Reason — Python keywords should not be used as variable names.

True

Reason — Python has a separate operator for integer division called the floor division operator (//).

True

Reason — The + operator is used to perform concatenation of two strings in Python.

True

Reason — In Python, a variable name must start with a letter (capital or small) or an underscore (_), it can consist of letters, digits, and underscore only, variable names are case-sensitive, and Python keywords should not be used as variable names.

TensorFlow

Reason — TensorFlow is a library that provides efficient tools for creating and training machine learning models.

Mathematical operations and data analysis

Reason — NumPy is an important library that provides data manipulation, numerical computing, and statistical analysis facilities.

All of these

Reason — Python is an object-oriented, high-level, and general-purpose programming language.

Curly{}

Reason — In Python, a dictionary is enclosed in curly braces {} and stores data in the form of key-value pairs.

Will produce an error

Reason — A dictionary in Python must be defined using curly braces {} with key–value pairs separated by a colon. The given statement does not use curly braces, so it results in an error.

_val

Reason — According to the rules for declaring variable names in Python, a variable name must start with a letter (capital or small) or an underscore (_). It can consist only of letters, digits, and underscore, variable names are case-sensitive, and Python keywords should not be used as variable names.

1. @val — Invalid, because special characters like @ are not allowed in variable names.
2. 9val — Invalid, because a variable name cannot start with a digit.
3. _val — Valid, because it starts with an underscore and follows all the rules of variable naming.
4. int — Invalid, because int is a Python keyword and keywords cannot be used as variable names.

1

Reason — The modulus operator (%) returns the remainder after division of two numbers. When 5 is divided by 4, the remainder obtained is 1, hence the result is 1.

2

Reason — The floor division operator (//) performs integer division and returns the quotient without the decimal part after division of two numbers. Hence, when 5 is divided by 2, it returns 2 and not 2.5.

in

Reason — The in operator is a membership operator used in Python to check whether a value exists in a sequence such as a string, list, or tuple.

import

Reason — In Python, the import keyword is used to import modules at the start of a program so that the functions and features of those modules can be used.

1. Python is a general-purpose language which means it may be used to create a broad variety of applications.
2. Django and Flask frameworks are used for web development in Python.
3. wxPython is a tool kit in Python for GUI development.
4. The suitable data type to store only True or False is bool.
5. Lists are mutable and tuples are immutable in Python.

A data type specifies the types of data that may be stored in variables as well as the actions that can be performed on them. The range of values that a variable may contain and the amount of memory required to store the value is also determined by the data type of the variable.

The built-in data types in Python are int, float, complex, bool, string, list, tuple, dictionary, and set.

# Declaring a list
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]
print("List:", my_list)

# Declaring a dictionary
my_dict = {"Name": "Amit", "Age": 15, "City": "Delhi"}
print("Dictionary:", my_dict)

# Declaring a tuple
my_tuple = (5, 10, 15, 20)
print("Tuple:", my_tuple)

List: [10, 20, 30, 40]
Dictionary: {'Name': 'Amit', 'Age': 15, 'City': 'Delhi'}
Tuple: (5, 10, 15, 20)

a = "Sun"
b = "Rise"

# String concatenation
print(a + b)

# String replication
print(a * 4)

SunRise
SunSunSunSun

Indentation refers to the whitespaces or tabs that are used at the beginning of a block of statements. The statements or instructions with the same indentation belong to the same block, i.e., multiple statements with the same indent are called a block of code. Indentation is used in Python to include all the statements belonging to a particular block. Inappropriate indentation may result in a syntactical or logical error.

Example:

i = 1
if i == 1:
    print("i is equal to 1")
else:
    print("i is not equal to 1")

Here, the statement next to the if statement is indented, which shows that this statement is under the scope of the if statement and will be executed if the condition is true. Otherwise, the else part will be executed.

# Declaring a list
my_list = [5, 8, 9, 12, 45]
print(my_list[1])

# Modifying an element of the list
my_list[1] = 56
print(my_list)

# Declaring a tuple
my_tuple = (5, 8, 9, 12, 45)
print(my_tuple[1])

# Trying to modify an element of the tuple
my_tuple[1] = 56

In the above program, a list is created using square brackets [ ] and it is a mutable data type, so its elements can be changed after creation. Therefore, modifying the value at index 1 in the list is possible. A tuple is created using parentheses ( ) and it is an immutable data type, so its elements cannot be changed after creation. Attempting to change a tuple element results in a TypeError, which shows the difference between a list and a tuple.

a = 5
b = 2

add = a + b
sub = a - b
mul = a * b
div = a / b
mod = a % b
floordiv = a // b
power = a ** b

print("Addition:", add)
print("Subtraction:", sub)
print("Multiplication:", mul)
print("Division:", div)
print("Modulus:", mod)
print("Floor Division:", floordiv)
print("Exponent:", power)

Addition: 7
Subtraction: 3
Multiplication: 10
Division: 2.5
Modulus: 1
Floor Division: 2
Exponent: 25

Relational Operators in Python:

The division operator (/) divides two numbers and returns the result in decimal (floating-point) form, whereas the floor division operator (//) performs integer division and returns only the quotient without the decimal part.

Example:

• 7 / 3 = 2.3333333333333335
• 7 // 3 = 2

Thus, the division operator gives the exact result, while the floor division operator gives the integer quotient.

The assignment operator (=) is used to assign a value to a variable, whereas the equality operator (==) is used to compare two values and returns True or False based on whether the values are equal.

Example:

a = 10      # assignment operator
b = 10

print(a == b)   # equality operator

Output:

True

(a + b > c) and (a - b == -a + b)
= (2 + 3 > 4) and (2 - 3 == -2 + 3)
= (5 > 4) and ( 2 - 3 == -2 + 3)
= True and (-1 == 1)
= True and False
= False