(a) What are the values of x and y when the following statements are executed?

x = true
y = 36

The ternary operator (a > b)? true : false returns true as its condition a > b is true so it returns its first expression that is true.

The ternary operator (a < b)? a : b returns b as its condition a < b is false so it returns its second expression that is b. Value of b is 36 so y also becomes 36.

(b) State the values of n and ch.

char c = 'A';
int n = c + 1;
char ch = (char)n;

Value of n is 66 and ch is B.

int n = c + 1, here due to implicit conversion, 'A' will be converted to its ASCII value 65. 1 is added to it making the value of n 66.

char ch = (char)n, here through explicit conversion 66 is converted to its corresponding character that is 'B' so value of ch becomes B.

(c) What will be the result stored in x after evaluating the following expression?

int x = 4;
x += (x++) + (++x) + x;

    x += (x++) + (++x) + x
⇒ x = x + ((x++) + (++x) + x)
⇒ x = 4 + (4 + 6 + 6)
⇒ x = 4 + 16
⇒ x = 20

(d) Give output of the following program segment:

double x = 2.9, y = 2.5;
System.out.println(Math.min(Math.floor(x), y));
System.out.println(Math.max(Math.ceil(x), y));

2.0
3.0

Math.floor(2.9) gives 2.0. Math.min(2.0, 2.5) gives 2.0.

Math.ceil(2.9) gives 3.0. Math.max(3.0, 2.5) gives 3.0.

(e) State the output of the following program segment:

String s = "Examination";
int n = s.length();
System.out.println(s.startsWith(s.substring(5, n)));
System.out.println(s.charAt(2) == s.charAt(6));

false
true

Putting the value of n in s.substring(5, n), it becomes s.substring(5, 11). This gives "nation". As s does not start with "nation" so s.startsWith(s.substring(5, n)) returns false.

s.charAt(2) is a and s.charAt(6) is also a so both are equal

(f) State the method that:

1. Converts a string to a primitive float data type.
2. Determines if the specified character is an uppercase character.

1. Float.parseFloat()
2. Character.isUpperCase()

(g) State the data type and values of a and b after the following segment is executed:

String s1 = "Computer", s2 = "Applications"
a = (s1.compareTo(s2));
b = (s1.equals(s2));

Data type of a is int and value is 2. Data type of b is boolean and value is false.

(h) What will the following code output:

String s = "malayalam";
System.out.println(s.indexOf('m'));
System.out.println(s.lastIndexOf('m'));

0
8

The first m appears at index 0 and the last m appears at index 8.

(i) Rewrite the following program segment using while instead of for statement.

int f = 1, i;
for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++){
    f *= i;
    System.out.println(f);
}

int f = 1, i;
while (i <= 5) {
    f *= i;
    System.out.println(f);
    i++;
}

(j) In the program given below, state the name and the value of the:

1. method argument or argument variable
2. class variable
3. local variable
4. instance variable

class MyClass{
    static int x = 7;
    int y = 2;
    public static void main(String args[]){
        MyClass obj = new MyClass();
        System.out.println(x);
        obj.sampleMethod(5);
        int a = 6;
        System.out.println(a);
    }
    void sampleMethod(int n){
        System.out.println(n);
        System.out.println(y);
    }
}

1. Method argument/Argument variable is n
2. Class variable is x
3. Local variable is a
4. Instance variable is y