The Constitution of India provides for a High Court for each State. With reference to the High Courts and Subordinate Courts, answer the following questions:
(i) Who appoints the judges of the High Court? Mention any two qualifications required for a person to be appointed as a judge of a High Court.
(ii) Mention any three cases that come under the Original Jurisdiction of the High Court.
(iii) What are Lok Adalats? Mention any three advantages of the Lok Adalats.
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(a) The judges of a High Court are appointed by the President of India. Two qualifications required for a person to be appointed as a judge of a High Court are:
- He/She should be a citizen of India.
- He/She should have held a judicial office in the territory of India for at least ten years, or should have been an advocate of a High Court (or of two or more such courts in succession) for at least ten years.
(b) Two cases that come under the Original Jurisdiction of the High Court are:
- Cases relating to the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights of citizens.
- Cases relating to wills, divorce, company law, admiralty and contempt of court.
- Under the power of Judicial Review, High Court can interpret the Constitution.
(c) 'Lok Adalat' means 'the People's Court'. It is a voluntary forum where disputes are settled amicably and speedily without formal court procedures. Three advantages are:
- It settles disputes speedily and saves much time.
- It delivers inexpensive justice and saves money.
- It reduces the workload of the regular courts, and its settlements leave no bitter taste as everything is decided in an atmosphere of harmony.