4(ii)
The refractive index of water is 1.33 at a certain temperature. When the temperature of water is increased by 40 °C, the refractive index changes to 'x'.
(a) State whether x < 1.33 or x > 1.33.
(b) State two differences between normal reflection and total internal reflection.
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(a) AS, the refractive index of a medium decreases with increase in temperature, so when the temperature of water is increased by 40 °C then it refractive index will decreases and hence new refractive index will be smaller than 1.33.
Hence, X < 1.33.
(b)
| Normal reflection | Total internal reflection | |
|---|---|---|
| (i) | Takes place in any medium, denser or rarer. | Takes place only in a denser medium. |
| (ii) | Takes place for any angle of incidence. | Takes place only when the angle of incidence is greater than critical angle. |