Define the role of sensors in robotics. Differentiate between internal and external sensors with examples.

Sensors act as the "sense organs" of a robot. They detect changes in the robot’s surroundings or inside the robot (like distance, light, sound, temperature, pressure, position, etc.) and convert this information into electrical signals. The robot’s controller uses these signals to make decisions and control actions, such as navigation, obstacle avoidance, safety, and accurate movement.

Internal Sensors	External Sensors
Internal sensors measure the internal state of the robot.	External sensors detect the external environment and surroundings.
Examples: Position sensors, velocity sensors, motor encoders, gyroscope, accelerometer.	Examples: Camera (vision sensor), ultrasonic sensor, infrared (IR) sensor, temperature sensor, touch sensor.